Serbia's monarchs, at the time from the royal House of Obrenović that maintained close relations with Austria-Hungary, were content to reign within the borders set by the treaty. Under this same treaty, the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Italy, and the Russian Empire) gave official recognition to the Principality of Serbia as a fully sovereign state, which four years later transformed into a kingdom under Prince Milan IV Obrenović who thus became King Milan I of Serbia.
Under the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, Austria-Hungary received the mandate to occupy and administer the Ottoman Vilayet of Bosnia, while the Ottoman Empire retained official sovereignty. Princip's legacy was re-evaluated following the breakup of Yugoslavia, and public opinion of him in the successor states is largely divided along ethnic lines. Much of what is known about the assassinations comes from these two trials and related records. Five of the older prisoners were sentenced to be hanged.īlack Hand members were arrested and tried before a Serbian court in Salonika in 1917 on fabricated charges of high treason the Black Hand was disbanded and three of its leaders were executed. Princip was found guilty of murder and high treason too young to be executed, he was sentenced to twenty years in jail, while the four other attackers also received jail terms. All six assassins, except Mehmedbašić, were under twenty at the time of the assassination while the group was dominated by Bosnian Serbs, four of the indictees were Bosnian Croats, and all of them were Austro-Hungarian citizens, none from Serbia. In total twenty-five people were indicted. The assassins and key members of the clandestine network were tried in Sarajevo in October 1914. The assassins were given access to the same clandestine network of safe-houses and agents that Malobabić used for the infiltration of weapons and operatives into Austria-Hungary. Tankosić provided bombs and pistols to the assassins and trained them in their use. The assassination team was helped by the Black Hand, a Serbian secret nationalist group support came from Dragutin Dimitrijević, at the time chief of the military intelligence section of the Serbian general staff, as well as from Major Vojislav Tankosić and Rade Malobabić, a Serbian intelligence agent. The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I.
ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND ASSASSINATION FREE
The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav (" Yugoslav") state.
Princip was part of a group of six Bosnian assassins together with Muhamed Mehmedbašić, Vaso Čubrilović, Nedeljko Čabrinović, Cvjetko Popović and Trifko Grabež coordinated by Danilo Ilić all but one were Bosnian Serbs and members of a student revolutionary group that later became known as Young Bosnia. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip, shot at close range while being driven through Sarajevo, the provincial capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, formally annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908.
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